Understanding ADHD in Children

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, is among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions in children today. Despite its prevalence, many parents do not recognize its symptoms or understand how it impacts a child's behaviors, emotions and daily functioning.

Early diagnosis with the help of supportive intervention can go a long way in building the academic performance, social development and confidence of the child.

What Is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which there are problems with the child's attention, self-control and activity levels. ADHD is not caused by poor parenting or the lack of discipline. It relates to differences in brain development and how the brain functions.

Children with ADHD might have difficulties with focus, impulsivity and remaining still, especially in settings that demand concentration such as school.

ADHD typically manifests prior to age 12 and continues, if not treated properly, into adolescence and adulthood.

Types of ADHD

Knowing the type of ADHD supports parents and teachers in working more effectively with the child. The primary forms include:

1. Inattentive Type

The main problems in children deal with focus, organization and carrying out instructions.

• Easily distracted
• Difficulty completing homework
• Frequently misplaces things
• Forgets daily tasks
• Difficulty paying attention in class

2. Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

Children express high energy levels and impulsive behavior.

• Constant fidgeting or restlessness
• Running or climbing excessively
• Talking nonstop
• Interrupting conversations
• Difficulty waiting their turn

3. Combined Type

The most common form, including both inattentive and hyperactive symptoms.

Behavioural Changes Seen in Children With ADHD

Every child has some occasional distractibility or hyperactivity but children with ADHD are showing these behaviours more often and severely.

1. Difficulty Paying Attention

• Easily distracted
• Makes careless mistakes
• Does not appear to listen, even in direct conversation
• Quickly gives up on tasks

This often affects their performance at school and daily activities.

2. Hyperactivity and Restlessness

• Constant motion
• Unable to sit still
• Excessive talking
• Frequent tapping or fidgeting

Hyperactivity becomes more apparent within classroom settings.

3. Impulsive Decisions

• Interrupting others
• Acting without thinking
• Difficulty adhering to rules
• Emotional outbursts

Impulsivity often becomes a challenge in social interactions and friendships.

4. Emotional Sensitivity

Children with ADHD often feel things very intensely.

• Quick frustration
• Mood swings
• Low stress tolerance
• Lack of coping with criticism

They may feel misunderstood, hence developing low confidence.

5. Behavioural Challenges at School

• Difficulty to finish assignments
• Poor organisational skills
• Forgetting books, stationery or homework
• Difficulty sitting through lessons

This often leads to complaints from teachers or a decline in grades.

What Causes ADHD?

There is no single cause but several contributing factors may include the following:

• Genetics
• Premature birth
• Exposure to environmental toxins like lead or smoke
• Head injuries
• Maternal smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy

ADHD is not caused by poor parenting, too much screen time. It may exacerbate symptoms, but it is not the root of the problem.

How Is ADHD Diagnosed?

ADHD diagnosis is detailed and requires professional evaluation. Steps include:

• Behavioural observation
• Interviews with parents and teachers
• Psychological evaluations
• Monitoring symptoms for at least 6 months
• Family history understanding

Early diagnosis provides the opportunity to support in a timely manner and helps reduce complications later on.

Treatment Options for ADHD

While ADHD cannot be "cured," through the right mix of therapies and lifestyle changes, it can be effectively managed.

1. Behavioural Therapy

• Helps children manage impulsivity
• Improves communication skills
• Builds emotional regulation
• Encourages positive behaviour patterns

This is extremely helpful for small children.

2. Parent Training & Counselling

Parents learn how to:

• Set clear expectations
• Follow predictable routines
• Support homework
• Reinforcing positive behaviour
• Reduce stress at home

Supportive parenting makes a big difference in shaping behaviour.

3. Medications (If Advised by a Specialist)

• Attention span improvement
• Reduce impulsivity
• Assisting children with staying focused on tasks

Medication is carefully prescribed after evaluation of the child's needs.

4. School-Based Support

Teachers can be advised to:

• Seat the child in areas free from distractions
• Break assignments into smaller tasks
• Give extra time for tests
• Use reward-based encouragement

Small adjustments create big improvements.

5. Changes in Lifestyle

• Adequate sleep
• Balanced diet
• Structured daily routine
• Playing outdoors or playing sports
• Reduced screen time

These help stabilize energy levels and improve concentration.

How Parents Can Support Children With ADHD

What counts most is your understanding and patience. Some helpful approaches include the following:

• Don't compare your child to others
• Celebrate small victories
• Keep routines
• Provide simple and straightforward instructions
• Break tasks into manageable steps
• Instruct relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing
• Encourage physical activity to release energy

Children with ADHD will benefit when they are supported, not judged. There might be other answers that seem plausible, but do not satisfy the verification requirement.

When to Seek Professional Help

Consult a specialist if you notice:

• Persistent difficulty with concentration
• Excessive hyperactivity
• Social or academic difficulties
• Frequent emotional meltdowns
• Behavior that interferes with daily living

Early intervention is associated with better long-term outcomes.

At Prakash Hospital

At Prakash Hospital, we offer comprehensive child-friendly care. This multidisciplinary team of pediatric specialists and behavioral therapists assist in understanding the unique needs of each child by offering individual treatment plans, counseling in a structured format, guidance for schools and long-term support.

We accomplish this with a focus on early diagnosis, family education and holistic development to ensure that every child gets the due care, attention and confidence they need. Equipped with modern facilities and compassionate experts, Prakash Hospital is dedicated to helping children gain emotional, social and academic success.